Affinity maturation without germinal centres in lymphotoxin-α-deficient mice
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Affinity maturation in Lyn kinase-deficient mice with defective germinal center formation.
Lyn kinase-deficient (lyn-/-) mice show several abnormalities such as reduced numbers of circulating B cells, hyper-IgM, and low proliferative responses induced by CD40 ligand. Lyn-/- mice also develop splenomegaly, produce autoreactive Abs with age, and finally develop glomerulonephritis. Another abnormality observed in lyn-/- mice is that their disability to form germinal centers (GCs). It ha...
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Lymph nodes (LNs) are important sentinal organs, populated by circulating lymphocytes and antigen-bearing cells exiting the tissue beds. Although cellular and humoral immune responses are induced in LNs by antigenic challenge, it is not known if LNs are essential for acquired immunity. We examined immune responses in mice that lack LNs due to genetic deletion of lymphotoxin ligands or in utero ...
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The role of apoptosis in affinity maturation was investigated by determining the affinity of (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-specific antibody-forming cells (AFCs) and serum antibody in transgenic mice that overexpress a suppressor of apoptosis, Bcl-xL, in the B cell compartment. Although transgenic animals briefly expressed higher numbers of splenic AFCs after immunization, the bcl-xL tra...
متن کاملThe relation of morphology and affinity maturation in germinal centers
The specific morphology of germinal centers is analyzed in the context of the optimization of the humoral immune response. The relevance of dark and light zones for the affinity maturation process is investigated in the framework of a theoretical model for the germinal center reaction. Especially, it is shown that an intermediate appearance of dark zones in germinal center reactions is advantag...
متن کاملMolecular fine-tuning of affinity maturation in germinal centers.
The development of high-affinity antibodies in response to infection is an iterative process in which B cells cycle between proliferation/somatic hypermutation and antigen-driven selection. These processes occur within specific regions of the secondary lymphoid structures known as germinal centers (GCs) and the environmental and signaling cues provided by these regions guide the GC reactions th...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1996
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/382462a0